Manufacture of bolts



April 25, 1933. J. F. FIEG I MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS Filed Nov. 28, 1930 25 the bolt Patented Apr. 25, 1933 UNITED STATES- ug errrcE JOSEPH F. FIEG, or LA GRANGE, ILLINOIS, Assieivon r UN TED answ r-mam cos rona'rron, or ozeroaeof, rumors, A conroaa'rron or oHIo' MANUFACTURE QEBOLTS I Application. filed November as, 1930. .Seria1 No. 498,636;

This invention relates to the manufacture of bolts and screws and more particularly q machine bolts and cap screws where it is' desired to have an accurately finished bolt 5 or screw head.

In the manufacture of machine bolts and cap screws it is customary to make the blank in two machines, one generally termed a heading machine and the other generally termed a trimming machine. The heading machine ordinarily cuts the stock into the proper length and then in two forming blows first forms aconical shaped head upon the end of the stock and then a circular fiat head. Two blows are necessary to provide a head of standard 'or large size due'to the amount of metal upset to form the head.

The headed blanks thus formed must then be delivered to the trimming machines where 7 2D the heads previously formed to aicircular or cylindrical shape are given the desired hexagonal or other shape by means of a trimming or shearing operation. In the. trimming machine the round heads'form'ed upon blanks are trimmed into hexagonal or other desired shape by a pair of die members movable toward each other, one ofthese members having a die recess therein of the size and shape of the desired finished head.

The two members are brought together with sufiicient clearance therebetween to accommodate the flash or scrap material removed'from the head. The blank is then pushed entirely through the die member having therecess therein. In most instances a dwell period 1s provided in the movement of the dies toward each other which occurs at the period when the blank is pushed through the recesseddle member as the pushing of the blank through 40 the die members removes the scrap or flash which is left by reason of theiact that the diemembers do not come close enough together to entirely remove the waste mates r rial. It is ofcourse desirable to eliminate the relatively complicated mechanism necessary to produce this dwell in the movement of the dies and to have the die members come close enough to trim the surplus material K from the formed head- This has not been practicable, however, because of the danger ofinjuring or destroyingthe dies through contact of their working surfaces. It is the purpose of this invention to pro vide apparatus whereby the labor, equipment andjinaterial involved is substantially reduced. 3

: It is also' an object'ofthis invention 'to reduce both the number of stepsjand the r number of machines'used, prolong the life I or" the wearing parts and produce a uniformproduct. i v V In accordance withjthis invention the bolt or screw head is formed dIIfGCtlY II'QIII'thQ stock when the head is of relatively small size'or'from the usual conically shaped upset end portion when the head is of standard or larger proportions. The customary stage in'the manufacture of somesiz'esof bolts or screws in which the head is otc'irii 70.

Cedar or cylindrical formation. may be omitted to cause a savingof material. "Insome instances it is also desirable to form the head and all the stock directly into a' partially formed head either from the straight stock or from the conically shaped upsetiend' portion.

If the head sided head less material is upset than when formed into a circular head: of sufficient diameter to include an entire head and less is upset into a partially flat material need be trimmed in forming the. finished headfrom the partially shaped head v than from :a circular head. In view of the reduction of material for a given size bolt or screw. and the consequential upsetting of less material in. formingthe head the complete head formed and trimmed'may be made in some instances in'twd blows Exceptionally,

large heads ,heretofore'r'equiring four blows may, in'accordanc'e with my '1nvent1on,be

produced with three blows. Furthermore,'

since the partially formed head is already" I properly. positioned andheld with respect to the trimming die, the lfinal'trimming of the head may be done in theheading machine without the necessity of complicated registering mechanism which would be required if the partially formed head w'ere'delivered to another machine for trimming; In other words5 the trimming machine as such is en- ,tirely eliminated and I also the labor of 7 handling work in. process between machines;-

1. As an essential feature permitting this saving of material and possible elimination of one step in the old process-,"nieansare pro- 7 o rvi'd'ed for'positively eo'ntrolling the relative movements of th'eFtWo forming dieljmembers;

orthe punch and die' with particular reference to the. opposed working faces of the punch ,and 'die,whereby these members may be positively and accuratelyfbrought into suii ioiently' close jre'lation't'o effect the trim- I ming operation without permitting injurious theiworking'surfaces of the dies that the approach iofthese working surfaces is posi- 20 contact between the opposed surfaces. With; "this end in View; the forming or die menu b'ers themselves are provided with opposed abutment surfaces] so.- disposed relatively to tivelyilimited at each blow therebymaking it possible to bring" the diesinto such closerelat'ionzthat the trimming operationimay f; be properly completedwithout danger 'ofin- Jury-to thedies.

'- A better understanding ofthis invention fwill belobtained from the following descript'lon given in" connection with the drawing 7 which illustrates the invention as applied to 7 a multiple stroke header and in which:

Fig. lsillustratesthe die and punch menu bers separated-afterthe first blow,: I i }1I Fig;.,2 illustratesdiagrammatically the f l same "members" separated :after the second L l W, i Y @3 5 Fig. 3 'illustratesthe same members ,sepaf :rated'after'the thirdb1ow,

Fig. 4's an enlarged transversefsection [through the punch an'd'die members whenin xelosed' position as they appear i as the third Fig. '5 is the die member," 7

Fig. 6 is an enlarged'front elevationofthe :pulich member and I J a Figs. 7,8 -and9 illustrate respectively-the {three-steps in the -formation of a'icap screw as shownin'Figsi 1, 2'and 3,respectively'.;

Referring ;more particularly to the draw ing, the'inven'tion has beenillustrated as apl 150 -formii'ig ordie'members i. e., both a solid ,punch and a solid die. In this connectionpliedto a three blow header,emjoloyings'olid fthe die; member whichfh olds and supports I the -stock :in the f form of a round; rod is referred to as 'the'die and maybe. either open or solid, while the die members which. have forming recesses; therein for 'receivin .the

. projecting end oftlie'stockaiid forming the fsa-me into" the projecting head portion' 'of the bolt or screw are referred to as the punches,

'regardlesslof which membersaremovable; f and thesepunches also maybe either of the' f 'open or. solid type; -,It will be understood o'tcourse that, the formingamembe'rs, thatis either thepunchor the;'dies,;may be used an enlarged front elevation of;

suitable'torthe purpose.

members of a'three blowfheader in which the die 1 is mountedin a relatively stationary ing outwardly to be engagedsuccessively the punches 4, 4a and 4'? carried by'atraveh ing hammeror punch slide 6. The slide 6 1sv re'ciprocable in a. horizontal direction and is alsomo'viable vertically to present the punches 4-, 4a and ll) successively in'alignment with die 1. Puncht, aconingpunch, is forillus- In Figs. 1 to 3, arer shown the forming.

not onlyin a heading machine of thetype V l illustrated but maybe used in a trimming machine as well or in any other machine support 2 ahdis adapted tofreceive and support apiece of stock 3 with one end pro ecttrative purposesshown 'as provided a 1 conical recess? which upsets the promoting end ofthe stock into a conically shaped: '8 asshownin Figsjl and/Z; f y i p V I f Punch la, generally termed a. headingpunch. is here provided with .ahexagonally shaped die recess 7a although any other 'pre ferred shapemay be employed, therecessbeing larger than the finished head of the bolt or screw. .With the use of the hexagonal heading punch the distance across flats of thepartially'forme'd head is greater than that-10f the finished'ihead but the {surface farea's otthe flats are smaller with'the' intersectingjcorners notfsharply defined-. lhe action of punch 'a'is illustrated in Figs. 2, Y and 8 from which it canbe seen that thehead} partially formed by thesecond blow is sub stantiallyhexa'gonal in shape, the flat sure only necessary to trim the tormedblankQ In the position shown in Fig, 3, .slide 6 has I i m d p a ly-and has made a third blow. In otherwords, as shown in Fig. 3, thet l mingblow has beencompleted and the slide .(iand punch 45 retracted from die 1. Punch 1 0 races being relatively small and'the corners j being incompletely formedflhehead of the bolt or screw then appearingias at 856 and the heading operations being complete,- it: i81

45, alsoterined a trimming die and which oc v cupiesthe position normally assumedby the heading die, is provided with a central die",

recess/7b which'ishenagonal and of the'eX-j "act dimensions of the finished head 86015 the;

bolt.

'ifi 'rThe outer rim portionsoffthe punches andzlb; surrounding-the die'freeesses 'Ta'a'nd V j 1.7?) project-beyond. the: plane of the working surfaces, of thejdies "to form abutment suri-" i tacesQa and 9b which engage theiannular the relative movement ofthe punches; 4a and irinii portion ll' otthe diemember to-limit blow. The relative position of abutment surfaces 9a, 9band 11 .to working surfaces 13 and 14 is such as to maintain proper minimum space between working faces 13 and 14 of heading punchand supporting and to provide a chamber 15 (Fig; 4) for the .reception of surplus scraprmaterial known as the flash.

The final blow or step which resultsin a I trimming or shearing action is more clearly illustrated in Fig. 4 which clearly shows the close proximity into which the two die members maybe brought. In actual practice it has been found desirable to bring the working surface 13 or cutting or outerperipheral edge of the die recess within a few thousandths of an inch of the working surface 14 or cutting edge ofdie 1. By bringing the two opposed edges of the die members into this close proximity but not quite in contact, the working surfaces or cutting edges are preserved andyet the flash or scrap material 16 is sufficiently severed and will'fall into the recess 15 and drop out of the machine upon the separation'of the die members. 1

From the foregoing description it will be appreciated that a completed bolt or'screw blank ready for the final machining operations is prepared from less material than used heretofore for the same size bolt and with fewer blows. At an intermediate stage the bolt head is in the shape of a partially formed head. The punch and die members are positively moved into extremely close proximity at each blow, this being made possible by the controlling contact or abutment surfaces. Due to the latter, theflash or scrap material is completely severed without the necessity of a separate trimming machine and without the necessity of pros jecting the blank completely through a die.

The moving of the die members into this close proximity has not'been possibleheretofore due to'the lack of accurate control means. Because of {the necessary bearing clearances provided inthe actuating mechanisms of machines and'the inherent elasticity in the various machineelements damage would result to the working surfaces of the.

die members if no means for accurately limi ing the approach of the die members were provided.

With the accurate control provided by this invention the die members maybe brought' close enough to permit complete trimming and yet prevent damage to the die members which would resultif. the opposed working faces 13 and 14; of these members were other. i I

It is obvious that this invention be applied to any standard actuatingmecha' nism for operating the die members which is well understood by thoseskilled in the.

art and is not illustrated for that reason; i

It is also obvious thatminor changes may be made in the details of construction such as to vary the shape of the heads ;without departing from the spirit and scope of this to actuallyycontact with each invention as defined inthe following claims.

I claim 1. Apair of die members for usein a bolt or screw forming machine, {one of said die members being provided-with a recessto receive a piece of stock, the other of saiddie members being provided with adierecess therein, one of said members beingfurther provided with a projecting abutment surface arranged to engage the other die mem-. her and limit the relative movement of said a members toward each other, one of saidj members also being recessed 3 to provide a depository to receive scrap material trimmedfrom the stock.

2. In a heading machine, a single die for supporting a piece of stock, 'a plurality of punches movable successively into operative 1 position with respect to said die for forming a head upon the'stock held by saiddie,.one of said punches having a die recess'therein larger than the finished bolt head and shaped to V form a partially completed head fhaving' flat sides and another of said punches having a' die recess therein of the size of the'finished bolt'head for trimming the partially'formed inc head whereby a completely finishedb'oltand n screw head maybe made in'a singlemachine and means for posit velyrestricting-the relatlve movement between said trimming punch and said die independently of the presence of stock'i'n said die and of the actuating means for the punches and die.

3. In a heading machine, a singledie for supporting a piece of stock, a pluralityof "punches movable successively into operative position with respect to said 'die for forming a head upon the stock held by said die,one 7 ofsaid punches'having a 'generally conic 'ally shaped. die recess therein for upsetting the end of the blank, another of said punches having a die recesstherein larger than the fin-,

ished' bolt-head andl' shaped to form a par- .tially completed head having flatsides and another of said punches having a die recess therein-of the sizeof thefinished bolt head for trimming the partially formedh'ead whereby a completely finished bolt and screw head may be made ina single machine and means for positively restricting .the relative movement between said trimming punch and said die independently of the presence of stock in saiddie and of the actuating means for the punchesandJdieL I supporting a piece of stock and aplurality' of punches'movable successively" intOLOpe'ra-V tlVe position with respect'to Isaiddie for forming ahead upon thestocktheld by said die, one of said punches having a die" recess thereinalarger than the finished bolt jhead o lo and shaped to form ,a-partiallyc completed 'head' having fiat sidesfand another of said punches h'avingra die recess therein ofnthe" size of-theffinished bolt head whereby-ahead maybe formed andtrimin'edwhile the stock ish'eldin said die, one of said punches and die'imembers also having cooperative: abutmentjfaces'd sposed in predetermined rela-' tionto the opposed faces of said dieandpunch and arranged. to. positively limit the movement, off-said punchesaand die toward each i 'otheriindep'endently ofthe presence of stock in {said vdie and; of the actuating 'means for said punches andfdie,

i "5.- In faheadin machine .a sin le die for .b r a b I supporting apiece ofstock and a plurality "of punches movable successively ;into operconically 'shaped die, recess therein, another" ative positionfwith respect to said die for forming a head upon'the stock held by said die, one of said punches having a generally.

of said puncheshavingdie recess therein larger than the finished bolthead andshaped to form a partially completed head having flatsides and: another of saidpunches hav- 3 in'gxa die recess: therein of: the size-of .the

"finished bolt headwhereby a head may be formed: and trimmed hile the stock is held in (said die, ,one Qf S&Zld punches and die members also having cooperative abutment faces disposed inpredetermined relation to the opp sedsfa esl of diwnd "pu ch an rrangedgto; positively limit ther movement of c v saidfpunche's and die toward each 'other, inde qpendentlyiof "the presence of stoc'kiin-v said die andpof the actuating means .forsaid 5O 1 e han th fin s ed 'bo' t hr f h rs f to formea partially-completed head sides ,andianotherof said punchesfh'aving 1- a vdie recessthere'in of the size o'f the finished 'lo olt head Whereby'a head may be formedand punches and die. 1

I 6;. Inaiheading machine, a single :die for c I supporting a piece ofstockandafplurality of punches V movable'isuccessively into" operative position ithrespect-L to said the for forming a head'upon the stock held by said die,one of fconicallyflshaped die recess therein, another of said punches having'a diefrecess therein said puncheshaving a die recesstherein large trimmed 'whilethe stock is 7 held in said die o 050i said punches and f die ruembers also having w n tive:a u fi ei tfa s disp ed inpredetermined relation to; the --;opposed tacos otsaid. dieand punch-land; arranged to v contact withfeacli other topositively limit the movement of' said punches and "die' to I was each {other independeutlyot the "pres- I ence" of: stock in said die "and of the actuating I -:ineans for said punches an diea f- I In a, heading machine, a single .di'eifon 7. Ina heading machine, 'axsingle dieifor {supporting a piece ofstock and a'plurality of punches- ;movable successively 'into oper l ativeposition cvvith respect to said die for forming aheaduponthe stock held bysaid die, one. of said punches having a generally conica'llyfshaped die recess therein, another 7 of; said punches having a die recess therein l ,1

larger than the finished bolt head and shaped tofor'm a partially completed head having fiat sides, and another of said punches hav-i 'ing a die recessitherein of the size of thefin;

ished bolt head. whereby ahead may be formed andtrimmed While thejstock is held in said die, said punchesiand die members alsohaving cooperative abutment faces dis-V posedv in "predetermined relation to the 0pposed faces of said die andpunch and ar 3 V ranged to .contactlvvith each other. to pos i .tively limitz'the movement of said punches and die toward each other independently of 's'upportingi 'a piece of stock a plural'ity of punches movablel-successively'into s erl 'ative position With respect" to saidfdielfor forming ahead upon the'st'ock held byhsaid -die,-on'e ofsaid'pu'nches having a die recess therein larger than the'finished bolt head and shaped to form a partially" completed head having flat sidesv and another "said punches having a die; recess thereinof the size of the finished bolt-headyvherebya head a 100 isheld in said diepsaid ,die also having a abutment face disposed iinpredetermined Q relation to the stock engaging face ofsaid die and arranged; to' "positively' limit the maybe formed and trimmed vvhile thestock movement of 'saidpun'ches' and die toward each other independently of presence-of stock in said die and of the actuatin'glmean c for said punches and die.

9. In a heading machine, "a single die 'for supporting apiece of stock andja plurality of: punches movable successively into operative-position vvvith 're'spectgto said 'jdie for forming a head upon the stockheldby said I die,i one offsaid'p'unches having a generally "11 5 l rger-ash the finished bolt head and shaped. i

to form a partially completed head having posed in predetermined'relation'to the; stock en a in 'face of said dieand arran ed to;

positively limit} the? movement" of said punchesand die toward each cther inde-i' pendently'of the'presjencegoi 'stock iir'said ff' die and of the:actu'atingmeanslfor 'fsa'i'd punches and die; 1-

10. In a heading machine, a single die for supporting a piece of stock and a plurality of punches movable successively into operative position with respect to said diejfor forming a head upon the stock held by said die, one of said punches having a die recess therein larger than the finished bolt head and shaped to form a partially completed head having flat sides and another of said punches having a die recess therein of the size of the finished bolt head whereby ahead may be formedand trimmedwhile thestock is held in said die, said punch also having an abutment face disposed in predetermined relation to the edge of said recess and ar- 7 ranged to positively limit the movement of nature. a

member and arranged to engage the other die member and limit the relative movement 7 of said members toward each other.

members operatively associated to form a head upon a piece of stock and means contacting with one of said die members to prevent their abutting cooperating facesfrom' comlng into" contact witheach otherinde-e pendently of the presence ofstock in said die members and of the actuating means for said die members.

" In witnessof the JOSEPH FI G.

said punches and'die toward each other independently of the presence of stock. in said die and of the actuating means for said punches and die. I

11. A die member for use in a bolt or screw forming machine having a portion thereof operative in cooperation with another die member to form a head upon a piece of stock and having a contacting portion disposed at a predetermined distance from the operative portion of the die members and arranged to act as an abutment to limit the relative move-- ments of said die members with respect to the operative faces thereof independently of the presence of stock in said die members and of the actuating means'for said die members.

12. A die member for use in a bolt or screw forming machine having a central portion thereof operative in cooperation with another die member to form a head upon a piece of stock and having a contacting portion surrounding said central forming portion and disposed at a predetermined axial distance relatively thereto and arranged to act as an abutment to limit the relative movements of said die members with respect to their operative faces independently of the presence of stock in said die members and of the actuating means for said die members.

13. A die member for use in a bolt or screw forming machine in conjunction with another forming member and having a die recess therein and an abutment surface projecting in'a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the die a predetermined distance with respect to the edge of said recess to prevent contact of the edge of said recess foregoing 15m my sig--" if CERTIFICATE or coiiREcTwN.

Patent No. 1,905,084. April 25, 1933.

JOSEPH F. FIEG.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 2, line 39, for "as" second occurrence read "at"; page 5, line 73, claim 15, strike out the word "abutting"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with these corrections therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 13th day of June. A. D. 1933.

M. J. Moore.

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents. 

